What is it?
This test is done to check for signs of osteoporosis, a condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle. Bone density is measured using a DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan. A DEXA scan is a type of low-dose x-ray that is used to measure bone density. The scan is a non-invasive test that can identify whether a person has osteoporosis or is at risk of developing it.
During the scan, the patient lies on a table while a machine sends two low-dose x-ray beams through the body, typically the hip and spine, measuring the amount of radiation that is absorbed by the bone. The test takes approximately 10-30 minutes to complete and is painless.
The results of the DEXA scan are reported as a T-score, which compares the patient's bone density to that of a healthy 30-year-old of the same gender. A T-score of -1.0 or higher is considered normal bone density, while a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 indicates low bone density or osteopenia. A T-score of -2.5 or lower indicates osteoporosis.
It is important to note that the radiation exposure from a DEXA scan is very low, typically equivalent to just a few days' worth of natural background radiation. However, women who are pregnant or may be pregnant should avoid DEXA scans due to the potential risk of harm to the developing fetus.
Why is it important?
A DEXA scan is a valuable tool in assessing a person's risk of bone fractures and monitoring changes in bone density over time.
Who is it for?
It is typically recommended for postmenopausal women, men over the age of 70, and individuals who have a family history of osteoporosis or have other risk factors for bone loss.