Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside of the uterus, on other organs and tissues in the pelvic area, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the lining of the pelvis. This tissue can cause pain, inflammation, and the formation of scar tissue.
Symptoms of endometriosis can include:
- Pelvic pain, especially during menstruation
- Painful periods
- Pain during or after sexual intercourse
- Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant
- Pain with bowel movements or urination during menstrual periods
- Fatigue
- Bloating or nausea
The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but several theories have been proposed. Some of the risk factors that have been identified include a family history of endometriosis, early onset of menstruation, and long menstrual cycles.
Endometriosis is typically diagnosed through a pelvic exam, ultrasound, or laparoscopy (a surgical procedure in which a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the abdomen
Treatment options for endometriosis can include pain medication, hormonal therapy (such as birth control pills or progestin therapy), and surgery to remove the endometriosis tissue. In cases where fertility is an issue, fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) may also be recommended.
Managing endometriosis can be challenging, but there are many resources available for women living with this condition. It is important for women to work with their healthcare provider to find a treatment plan that works best for them.