Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterised by weakened bones that are more prone to fracture or break. It occurs when the body loses too much bone mass, produces too little bone tissue, or both. This can increase the risk of fractures, particularly in the spine, hip, and wrist.
Osteoporosis can affect both men and women, but it is more common in women, especially after menopause.
There are several risk factors for osteoporosis, including age, sex, family history, low body weight, a history of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism or rheumatoid arthritis. A lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet can also contribute to the development of osteoporosis.
The symptoms of osteoporosis may not be apparent until a fracture occurs. However, some signs may include back pain, loss of height over time, and a stooped posture.
Osteoporosis is typically diagnosed through a DEXA-scan.
Treatment
Treatment for osteoporosis may include lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, a healthy diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D, and avoidance of smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Medications may also be prescribed to slow bone loss and increase bone density.