Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder impacts reproductive-age women. It is characterized by the presence of numerous small cysts on the ovaries, along with increased levels of androgens (male hormones) and an imbalance of estrogen/progesterone in the body.
This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including:
- Irregular periods or no periods at all
- Excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest, and abdomen
- Acne or oily skin
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Darkening of the skin in certain areas, such as the neck or armpits
- Skin tags or excess skin in areas like the armpits or neck.
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. PCOS is typically diagnosed through a pelvic exam, ultrasound, hormone tests (DUTCH test) and some blood tests.
Treatment for PCOS typically focuses on managing symptoms and may include lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise, hormonal therapy and some medications to regulate menstrual cycles and lower androgen levels, and fertility treatments if needed.
Women with PCOS are also at increased risk for other health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease, so it is important to work with a healthcare provider to manage the condition and monitor for these complications.